Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V电子书

Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V: Deploying Hyper-V Enterprise Server Virtualization Platform

Table of Contents

Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V: Deploying Hyper-V Enterprise Server Virtualization Platform

Credits

About the Author

About the Reviewers

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Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Errata

Piracy

Questions

Introduction

What is virtualization?

Why virtualization?

Types of virtualization

Server virtualization

Network virtualization

Storage virtualization

Server consolidation

Cloud computing

1. Getting to Know Microsoft Hyper-V

Introducing Hyper-V

Hyper-V deployment scenario

Server consolidation

Physical-to-virtual and virtual-to-virtual conversions

Research and development

Business continuity and disaster recovery

Cloud computing

Hyper-V architecture

Hypervisor

Type 1 (bare metal) hypervisors

Type 2 (hosted) hypervisors

Monolithic hypervisors

Microkernel hypervisors

Insight into Hyper-V architecture

Parent partition

Child partition

Understanding Hyper-V parent partition

Hyper-V Virtual Machine Management Service

Virtual devices

Core devices (emulated devices)

Core devices (synthetic devices)

Plugin devices

Virtual machine bus

Features of Hyper-V

Hyper-V automation with PowerShell

Hyper-V dynamic memory improvements

Improved network virtualization and multitenancy

Hyper-V data offloading improvements

Hyper-V virtual machine replication

Resource metering for Hyper-V virtual workloads

Hyper-V support for large-sector disks

Virtual Fibre Channel for fabric connectivity

New virtual hard disk format

NIC teaming for host and guest machines

Hyper-V virtual switch improvements

Scalable virtualization infrastructure

Live storage migration

Hyper-V support for SMB

Hardware requirements

Processor

Storage

Disk types

SATA disks

SAS disks

Fibre Channel disks

Memory

Networking

Software requirements

Operating system version

Memory

Disk space

Physical server's paging file requirements

Guest virtual machine's paging file requirements

Hyper-V version comparison

Hyper-V Windows Server 2012 guest VM support

Guest server operating systems

Guest client operating systems

Licensing

Summary

2. Planning, Designing, and Implementing Microsoft Hyper-V

Planning and designing Hyper-V infrastructure

Microsoft Solution Accelerators

Hyper-V infrastructure planning and designing solution accelerators

Upgrading legacy Hyper-V servers to Windows Server 2012

Upgrading Hyper-V standalone server

Upgrading Hyper-V cluster servers

Installing Hyper-V server role

Hyper-V server role installation requirements

Installing a fresh Hyper-V server

Server Manager

Installing Hyper-V role using Server Manager

Installing Hyper-V with Windows Server Core

Introducing Windows Server Core

Benefits of using Windows Server Core Edition

Installing and managing Windows Server Core

Configuring and managing Windows Server 2012 Server Core

Adding Hyper-V server role for Windows Server Core

Configuring basic settings for Hyper-V server role

Hyper-V settings

Virtual hard disks

Virtual machines

Physical GPUs

NUMA spanning

Live migrations

Storage migrations

Replication configuration

Virtual Switch Manager

Creating a virtual machine

Memory

Processor

Hard drive

Summary

3. Setting Up Hyper-V Replication

Introducing Hyper-V replication

Hyper-V Replica terminologies

Software requirements

Hardware requirements

Deployment scenario for Hyper-V Replica

Head office and branch office

Geographically dispersed datacenters

Managed services and hosting provider

Cloud service provider

Technical overview of the Hyper-V Replica feature

Replication Engine

Change tracking

Network module

Hyper-V Replica broker

Hyper-V Replica best practices

Security

Networking

Storage

Setting up Hyper-V Replica

Enabling Hyper-V replication

Enabling Hyper-V replication for standalone Hyper-V servers

Enabling Hyper-V replication for clustered Hyper-V servers

Configuring Hyper-V Replica

Configuring Hyper-V Replica for standalone virtual machines

Configuring Hyper-V Replica for a highly available virtual machine using Failover Cluster Manager

Hyper-V Failover Replication broker architecture

Configuring Hyper-V Replica for reverse replication

Monitoring Hyper-V Replica environment

Hyper-V virtual machine replication health checking

Performance monitoring for Hyper-V Replica virtual machines

Reviewing Microsoft Hyper-V VMMS logs for Hyper-V Replica

Summary

4. Understanding Hyper-V Networking

Hyper-V virtual switch technical overview

Windows Server 2012 – a cloud-ready platform

Improved Hyper-V virtual network switch

Load balancing and failover (NIC teaming)

Quality of service and bandwidth management

Single root I/O

Extensible Hyper-V virtual switch

ARP/ND poisoning (spoofing) protection

DHCP guard

Port access control lists (ACLs)

Trunk mode to a VM

Network traffic monitoring

Configuring the Hyper-V extensible virtual network switch

Configuring the Hyper-V host virtual network switch

Types of Hyper-V virtual network switches

External

Internal

Private

Configuring Hyper-V virtual machine network settings

Virtual network adapter types

Synthetic network adapter

Legacy network adapter

Configuring advanced network settings

Bandwidth management

Hardware acceleration

Virtual machine queue

IPSEC task offloading

Single root I/O virtualization

Failover TCP/IP

Advanced features of the virtual machine network adapter

MAC address spoofing

DHCP guard

Router guard

Port mirroring

NIC teaming

Implementing NIC teaming for Hyper-V host and guest

Native OS NIC teaming feature – the most awaited feature

NIC teaming requirements

NIC teaming architectural consideration

Configuring NIC teaming for the Hyper-V host

NIC teaming advanced settings

NIC teaming mode

Switch independent

Switch dependent

Static teaming

Dynamic teaming

Load-balancing mechanisms

Address hash

Hyper-V port

Configuring NIC teaming for Hyper-V guest virtual machines

Summary

5. A New World of Hyper-V Automation with PowerShell

Introduction to PowerShell

Technical overview

Cmdlets

Cmdlets pipelining

PowerShell scripting

PowerShell Version 3.0 overview

Insight into Windows Server 2012 PowerShell (3.0)

PowerShell OS support

System requirements

Windows Management Instrumentation 3.0

Common Language Runtime 4.0

.NET Framework

WS-Management 3.0

Installing PowerShell 3.0

Managing Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V with PowerShell 3.0

PowerShell usage scenarios for Hyper-V management and automation

Research and development environments

Virtualized datacenter management

Cloud management and automation

Windows PowerShell 3.0 capabilities for Hyper-V

Example 1 – creating a new virtual machine

Example 2 – creating a new virtual network switch

Example 3 – configuring and attaching a virtual network switch to a virtual machine

Example 4 – shutting down all virtual machines

Example 5 – starting all virtual machines in one step

Summary

6. Insight into Hyper-V Storage

Understanding virtual storage

Improved Hyper-V storage

Virtual Fibre Channel connectivity for virtual machines

Working of Hyper-V Virtual Fibre Channel

Larger virtual hard disk support (up to 64 TB)

SMB-based virtual machine storage

Virtual machine live storage migration

Types of Hyper-V virtual storage

Virtual disk formats

Virtual hard disk (VHD)

Virtual hard disk (VHDX)

Virtual disk types

Dynamic disk

Fixed disk

Differencing disk

Pass-through disk

Virtual Fibre Channel SAN

Virtual machine storage settings

Virtual machine hard disk settings

IDE controller

SCSI controller

Hyper-V virtual hard disk utilities

Edit disk

Compact

Convert

Expand

Inspect disk

Hyper-V storage best practices

Dynamic disks are not good candidates for high disk I/O activity

Differencing disks can lead to data loss

Creating a production virtual machine's snapshot with caution

Pass-through disks are recommended for databases

Frequently merging a virtual machine's snapshot

Including virtual machine RAM for storage sizing

External storage migration and Hyper-V pass-through disk availability for VM

Virtual machine application and server role placement – best practices

Summary

7. Managing Hyper-V with System Center Virtual Machine Manager

Overview of System Center Virtual Machine Manager (SCVMM)

The VMM management server

The VMM console

Self-Service Portal

The VMM database

The VMM library

What's new in SCVMM 2012

Installing System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2012

System and hardware requirements

System requirements

Hardware requirements

Installing SCVMM management server, management console, and Self-Service Portal server

Configuring SCVMM basic settings

Creating and managing host groups

Creating a host group

Customizing host group properties

General

Placement Rules

Host Reserves

Dynamic Optimization

Network

Storage

Custom Properties

Adding a Hyper-V host into SCVMM

Creating and managing private cloud with SCVMM

Assigning a cloud to a group of users

Creating a virtual machine using the SCVMM console

Creating a virtual machine template

Access to Self-Service Portal

Delegation of SSP rights

Creating and managing virtual machines with SSP

Summary

8. Building Hyper-V High Availability and Virtual Machine Mobility

Overview of Hyper-V high availability

Challenges in Hyper-V high availability with Windows Server 2008 R2

Unavailability of flexible virtual machine storage migration

Restrictions on adding more Hyper-V cluster nodes

Virtual machine live migration limitation

Manual patch management for Hyper-V host nodes

Network-attached storage (NAS) or File Server-based storage for virtual machines

What's new in Windows Server 2012 for Hyper-V HA and VM mobility

Guest machine clustering capabilities with V-Fibre Channel

Enhanced live migration for mobility of virtual machines

Bigger clusters with more Hyper-V nodes

Up-to-date Cluster Shared Volumes and encrypted volumes

Virtual machine failover and management rules

Understanding Hyper-V high availability and failover clustering core components

Server hardware

Cluster storage

Windows failover cluster shared storage

Cluster Shared Volumes (CSV)

How CSV works

Summary of new features added in Windows Server 2012 CSV

CSV requirements

Server requirements

Networking requirements

Storage requirements

Cluster networking

Hyper-V Cluster Public Network

Hyper-V Cluster Private Network

Hyper-V Live Migration Network

Preparing, creating, and configuring a Hyper-V failover cluster

Preparing Hyper-V failover cluster nodes

Preparing cluster nodes

Installing the Windows Failover Clustering feature

Installing the Hyper-V role

Preparing Hyper-V failover cluster networks

Creating a cluster public network as a Hyper-V virtual network switch

Creating an external Hyper-V virtual switch as a cluster public network

Configuring cluster private and live migration networks

Configuring external SAN storage connectivity

Preparing Hyper-V failover cluster disks

Creating a Hyper-V failover cluster

Cluster configuration validation

Cluster validation requirement for cluster support

Enhanced Windows Server 2012 cluster validation utility

Performing cluster validation tests

Creating a Hyper-V failover cluster

Configuring a Hyper-V failover cluster

Adding CSV storage

Creating a highly available virtual machine

Creating Hyper-V replica broker cluster resources

Managing virtual machine mobility and migration

Virtual machine live migration

Working of live migration

Requirements for live migration

Enabling live migration on a Hyper-V server

Live migration with shared storage

Shared nothing live migration

Live migration with SMB shared storage

Virtual machine quick migration

How quick migration works

Steps to perform quick migration

Live storage migration

Summary

9. Hyper-V Security Hardening – Best Practices

Hyper-V and virtualization security pillars

Securing Hyper-V base operating system

Minimizing attack surfaces

Hyper-V management network isolation

Patch management

Antivirus protection and exclusions

Best Practice Analyzer for Hyper-V host

Securing Hyper-V virtual network switch

ARP spoofing protection

DHCP Guard

Router Guard

Port mirroring

Port ACL for network isolation

Delegating rights for Hyper-V management

Authorization Manager

Authorization Manager for Hyper-V delegation of authority

Hyper-V delegation of authority with SCVMM 2012

Securing virtual machine storage

Specifying the default path for virtual machine storage

Encrypting virtual machine storage with BitLocker

Safeguarding guest virtual machines

Filesystem security for accessing virtual machines

Auditing for virtual machine resource access

Backing up virtual machines

Summary

10. Performing Hyper-V Backup and Recovery

Hyper-V backup methodologies overview

Copying VHD/VHDX files

Exporting the virtual machine

Virtual machine snapshot

The Windows Server Backup feature

VSS-aware Hyper-V backups

Virtual machine online backups using Hyper-V integration services

Virtual machine save-state backups without Hyper-V integration services

Hyper-V backup considerations and best practices

Hyper-V backup networking considerations

Hyper-V backup software considerations

Hyper-V integration services

Storage considerations

Guest virtual machine storage

Implementing Hyper-V virtual machine backup and recovery

Hyper-V backup and recovery with the Windows Server Backup feature

What's new in Windows Server 2012 for the Windows Server Backup feature

Selective backup and restoration of individual virtual machines

Backup support for CSVs

Larger disk volume backup possibility

Backup retention and backup versioning

Installing the Windows Server 2012 Backup feature

Configuring virtual machine backups with the Windows Server Backup feature

Performing virtual machine recovery using the Windows Server Backup feature

Hyper-V backup and recovery with System Center Data Protection Manager

DPM technical overview

What's new in System Center 2012 Data Protection Manager

Setting up DPM base infrastructure

Installing System Center Data Protection Manager 2012

Adding disks in the Data Protection Manager for disk-based protection groups

Installing a DPM agent on a Hyper-V host

Configuring Hyper-V backup with DPM protection groups

Protecting Hyper-V highly available virtual machines

Protecting Hyper-V standalone virtual machines using SMB storage

Protecting Windows Server 2012 CSV 2.0

Performing Hyper-V recovery with System Center Data Protection Manager

Recovering a virtual machine to an original location

Recovering a virtual machine to an alternate location

ILR of a virtual machine

Summary

A. SCVMM 2012 New Features and Enhancements

B. SCVMM Management Console Configuration Settings

Index